Intellectual Transformations and Elusive Reconciliation
Intellectual Transformations and Elusive Reconciliation
This chapter sketches the course and ambiguities of modern intellectual transformations related to issue of religion and secularism. It takes up perceptions of historical backwardness, and various apologetic strategies in which Muslim Reform attempted to navigate the relations between scripture, tradition and the cognitive and political realities and desiderata of the day, and the relation between Muslim jurisprudence and the requirements of positive law. It discusses the adoption and adaptation of positivism and Darwinism, and the conflicts between secular and religious intellectuals over issues at once cognitive and political. It offers an analysis about the relationship between various currents of thought, and the changing realities of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The chapter analyses the impasses of apologetic modernism.
Keywords: Muslim Reform, The problem of backwardness, Positivism, Darwinism, Utilitarian Islam, Ambiguities of translation, Natural law and Muslim jurisprudence, Scripture, history and science, Apologetics, Religious scepticism, Secularism and historical transformations
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