Venizelos and Civil-Military Relations
Venizelos and Civil-Military Relations
This chapter examines Greek civil–military relations. Military interventions between 1909 and 1935 can be divided into two basic categories: those that acquired wider national significance and were endorsed by the public, and those aimed merely at promoting the private interests of various influential military figures and their clienteles. The coups of 1909, 1916 and 1922 made the army a champion of national aspirations and expansionist dreams, or an instrument to punish erring politicians. Civilian participation was considerable in these coups whose main objective was to substitute one set of civilian rulers for another. With the exception of the 1935 coup, interventions between 1923 and 1935 were usually instigated by officers with personal grievances, leaving civilians uninvolved and uninterested.
Keywords: Eleftherios Venizelos, military intervention, Greek politics, coup
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