The ‘post-medieval’ Islamic world
The ‘post-medieval’ Islamic world
This chapter assesses the archaeological evidence from the fifteenth to the early twentieth centuries, focusing upon the political, economic, and social changes occurring within the Islamic world. The first section looks at the appearance of two new commodities, coffee and tobacco, and their impact upon material culture in urban and rural areas. This section also deals with the growing influence of European industrially manufactured goods upon the economy and craft sector of the Middle East. The second section considers the archaeology of colonialism with case studies devoted to Portuguese colonies in Morocco and Bahrain, and Ottoman expansion into Greece and the Balkans. This evidence is compared to archaeological studies concerned with Frankish occupation of rural areas of Greater Syria during the Crusader period.
Keywords: Colonialism, Warfare, Coffee, Tobacco, Trade, Industrialization
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