This chapter is concerned with the different modes of manufacturing in the pre-modern Islamic world, and particularly focuses upon those crafts and industries that have left the clearest imprint in the archaeological record (ceramic, glass, and metalwork). The chapter starts by looking at the evidence for the placement and organization of industrial activities in early Islamic towns, with an emphasis on the Syrian city of Raqqa. The second section is devoted to the study of ancient technology relating to glass, glazing, and the artificial ceramic body known as stonepaste. The third section considers the evidence for the revival of handmade pottery in rural settlements in the Middle East and North Africa. This case study considers the chronology of this development and the economic and social circumstances that might have led to this example of technological regression.